Which factor provides protective benefit for both endometrial and ovarian cancer?

• A. Gestational DM
• B. nulliparity
• C. early menarche
• D. LT OCP usage

Answer: (D)

Long-term use of combined oral contraceptives lowers risk for both endometrial and ovarian cancer by reducing lifetime ovulations and by stabilizing the endometrium. Suppressing ovulation means fewer cycles of hormonal and inflammatory stress on the ovaries and pelvic organs, which lowers the chance of malignant transformation in ovarian tissue. The progestin component of OCPs counteracts estrogen-driven endometrial proliferation, decreasing endometrial cancer risk. These protective effects can persist for years after stopping the pills. Other options don’t offer this dual protection: gestational diabetes isn’t a protective factor, while nulliparity and early menarche are associated with higher risk rather than protection.